Marine record of late quaternary glacial-interglacial fluctuations in the Ross Sea and evidence for rapid, episodic sea level change due to marine ice sheet collapse

Some of the questions to be addressed by SeaRISE include: (1) what was the configuration of the West Antarctic ice sheet during the last glacial maximum; (2) What is its configuration during a glacial minimum; and (3) has it, or any marine ice sheet, undergone episodic rapid mass wasting. These questions are addressed in terms of what is known about the history of the marine ice sheet, specifically in Ross Sea, and what further studies are required to resolve these problems. A second question concerns the extent to which disintegration of marine ice sheets may result in rises in sea level that are episodic in nature and extremely rapid, as suggested by several glaciologists. Evidence that rapid, episodic sea level changes have occurred during the Holocene is also reviewed

WHOLE FARM RISK-RATING MICROCOMPUTER MODEL

The Risk-Rating Model is designed to give extension specialists, teachers, and producers a method to analyze production, marketing, and financial risks. These risks may be analyzed either individually or simultaneously. The risk associated with each enterprise, for all combinations of enterprises, and for any combination of marketing strategies is estimated. Optimistic, expected, and pessimistic returns above variable cost and/or total cost are presented in the results. The probability that total return will be equal to or greater than variable cost and/or total cost is also estimated.Farm Management, Risk and Uncertainty,

Campaign Finance: The Impact on the Legislative and Regulatory Process

During a Senate campaign more than four decades ago, revelations of a $5,000 contribution offer to Senator Karl Mundt of South Dakota precipitated a Senate investigation. At that time, Congress was considering legislation dealing with the regulation of natural gas. The discovery of the contribution offer ignited such a furor that it prompted President Eisenhower to declare he would veto any bill relating to natural gas regulation enacted under a cloud of suspicion. He carried out his threat, and it was another decade before Congress finally enacted legislation deregulating natural gas at the wellhead. Since that time, as the costs of campaigns have increased, the fear that campaign contributions will destroy the integrity of the legislative process has grown. In 1997 and the upcoming year, the focus on, and controversy over campaign contributions continues. Although the final figures from the 1996 campaign are difficult to assemble because many contributions are still being discovered and returned, it is generally accepted that between 1992 and 1996 there was a veritable explosion in campaign spending at all levels, especially in federal races. One study estimates that contributions during these four years rose thirty-three percent - from$1.6 billion to $2.2 billion.6 The impact of campaign finance on the regulatory process is a new twist. The regulatory role of the federal government was extremely limited a century ago. In fact, except for the Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC), very little state or federal regulation of business existed during the period that gave birth to the age of Lochnerism and laissez-faire economics. Today, in contrast, the regulatory role of the federal government is pervasive, indeed massive; prompting the flow of campaign contributions and generating louder calls for reform

An International Criminal Court-An Emerging Idea

The articulation of a need for an International Criminal Court began perhaps as long ago as the beginning of the nineteenth century

A comparison of the UK Standard Assessment Procedure and detailed simulation of solar energy systems for dwellings

The drive to reduce worldwide Carbon Emissions directly associated with dwellings and to achieve a zero carbon home dictates that Renewable Energy Technologies will have an increasingly large role in the built environment. Created by the Building Research Establishment (BRE), the Standard Assessment Procedure (SAP) is the UK Government's approved methodology for assessing the energy ratings of dwellings. This paper presents an evaluation of the advantage given to SAP ratings by the domestic installation of typical Photovoltaic (PV) and Solar Domestic Hot Water (SDHW) systems in the UK. Comparable PV and SDHW systems will also be simulated with more detailed modelling packages. Results suggest that calculation variances can exist between the SAP methodology and detailed simulation methods, especially for higher performance systems that deviate from the default efficiency parameters

A History of the Mogollon Mining District, New Mexico

The Mogollon Mountain region is probably the least known of any section in New Mexico of similar extent and wealth. The region offers a ripe field for both the archaeologist and the student of modern history. The region bears evidence, in its many prehistoric ruins, of having at one time supported a large sedentary population. As regards the early inhabitants of this area, E. W. Haury, in his The Mogollon Culture of Southwestern New Mexico says, A date of 900 in the Mogollon village for pit houses throws some light on the rapidity accompanying the change, for certainly, in the early decades of the 1000s, pueblos were already being built. Pit houses, therefore, survived late in this region, and need not be assigned the great age customarily associated with dwellings of this type. Since the advent of the white man in the Southwest, the Mogollon Mountains have, however, been the home and hunting grounds of the Apache Indians

Global Governments and Democratization

This essay addresses the questions of interpretation and reform that surround the United Nations and the UN Charter in consideration of a changing, global world. Particular attention is given to the need for international civil society to foster a culture of peace and justice. The paper poses a challenge for democratization and reform to mobilize and give voice to an empowered UN

Workshop - Amundsen Sea Embayment Tectonic and Glacial History - Programme and Abstracts

Overall Objective: Review existing data and identify priorities for future geoscience research (terrestrial, marine and airborne) in the Amundsen Sea embayment (ASE) region required to develop a better understanding of the past, present and future behaviour of this sector of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS). Background: The ASE is the most rapidly changing sector of the WAIS and contains enough ice to raise global sea level by 1.2 m. Over the past few years considerable efforts have been made to acquire new data to improve knowledge of the geological structure, subglacial topography, continental shelf bathymetry and glacial history of this remote region. In this workshop we aim to review the current state of knowledge on the tectonic and glacial evolution of the Amundsen Sea embayment. Particular emphasis will be placed on work that will improve boundary conditions for ice sheet models (e.g. subglacial topography, shelf bathymetry, palaeotopography, heat flow and substrate types) and provide palaeo-data against which model outputs can be compared. There will also be a focus on plans and targets for future scientific drilling that will reveal the history of this sector of the WAIS and its sensitivity to major climate changes

Multistream faster than Nyquist signaling

We extend Mazo's concept of faster-than-Nyquist (FTN) signaling to pulse trains that modulate a bank of subcarriers, a method called two dimensional FTN signaling. The signal processing is similar to orthogonal frequency division multiplex (OFDM) transmission but the subchannels are not orthogonal. Despite nonorthogonal pulses and subcarriers, the method achieves the isolated-pulse error performance; it does so in as little as half the bandwidth of ordinary OFDM. Euclidean distance properties are investigated for schemes based on several basic pulses. The best have Gaussian shape. An efficient distance calculation is given. Concatenations of ordinary codes and FTN are introduced. The combination achieves the outer code gain in as little as half the bandwidth. Receivers must work in two dimensions, and several iterative designs are proposed for FTN with outer convolutional coding